用 nginx 缩短 Kubernetes dashboard 访问 url

[TOC]

1. 问题

Kubernetes dashboard 以 API Server 方式访问的 url 很长，对纠结的人不大友好。所以想使用 nginx 来缩短它。我们现在使用的是自签证书，nginx 作反向代理意味着后端也是 https 方式，而且需要客户端证书和 CA 证书来验证。否则 nginx 访问后面时也是报如下错误：

{
  "kind": "Status",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {

  },
  "status": "Failure",
  "message": "services \"https:kubernetes-dashboard:\" is forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot get services/proxy in the namespace \"kube-system\"",
  "reason": "Forbidden",
  "details": {
    "name": "https:kubernetes-dashboard:",
    "kind": "services"
  },
  "code": 403
}

2. 解决

首先，我们需要需要访问的域名或 IP 的证书，我使用的是自签证书签发的。这里不另作说明，只是提醒，当前需要使用 openssl v3 扩展才能让浏览器完全信任出现绿色证书标识。

然后，需要将 master 节点的客户端证书提取出来，ca 证书也准备好。

# 生成client-certificate-data
grep 'client-certificate-data' ~/.kube/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.crt

# 生成client-key-data
grep 'client-key-data' ~/.kube/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.key

最后，附上我的 nginx 配置：

############负载均衡配置###########
upstream k8s_dev {
    server 192.168.105.92:8443 ;
    server 192.168.105.92:8443 ;
    server 192.168.105.92:8443 ;
}
############负载均衡配置###########

server {
    listen       80 ;
    server_name  192.168.105.99  ;

    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }


    location /k8s/ {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;  # 强制使用https方式
    }
}



# HTTPS server

server {
    listen       443 ssl;
    server_name  192.168.105.99 ;

    ssl_certificate      certs/192.168.105.99.crt;  # 被访问域名证书
    ssl_certificate_key  certs/192.168.105.99.key;

    # Recommendations from https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/Strong_SSL_Security_On_nginx.html
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers '!aNULL:kECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AESGCM:RSA+AESGCM:kECDH+AES:ECDH+AES:RSA+AES:';
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;

    location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    location /k8s/ {
        proxy_ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt;   # Kubernetes CA证书
        proxy_ssl_certificate certs/kubecfg.crt;                    # 客户端证书
        proxy_ssl_certificate_key certs/kubecfg.key;
        proxy_ssl_session_reuse on;
        proxy_pass  https://k8s_dev/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ ;                                                                   # 跳转
    }
}

这样，即可通过http://192.168.105.99/k8s或者https://192.168.105.99/k8s登录 dashboard。